Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/267544573?client_source=feed&format=rss
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Friday, November 30, 2012
Meizu MX2 Launched with iPhone 5 like 4.4 Inch Retina Screen, 1.6GHz Quad-Core CPU and More
Chinese phone manufacturer Meizu unveiled their quad-core processor smartphone last year the Meizu MX. The company officially released the new smartphone to the retail shelves of China and Hong Kong with a new name ?Meizu MX 4-core? in June 2012.
Now it seems the company has come up with the successor of the same device in Beijing recently ? Meizu MX2. In China market, the three models of the new smartphone are available roughly for ?2,499 (16GB), ??2,999 (32GB),??3,999 (64GB), which falls to approximately Rs 22,000, Rs 26,000 and Rs 35,000 respectively in India pricing quote.
Meizu MX2 runs Android 4.1 Jelly Bean OS with Meizu?s own Flyme 2.0 UI on top of it, sporting a 4.4-inch WXGA display with 1280 X 800 pixels of resolution, powered by the 1.6GHz MX5S processor with four 32nm Cortex-A9 CPU cores, 2GB of RAM to keep things running, an 8 megapixel camera with BSI sensor to take 9 frames per sec in drive mode, a front camera to record 720p videos, 16GB/32GB/64GB onboard storage, Bluetooth 4.0, 802.11 Wi-Fi b/g/n, access to Google Play Store, a whole host of the Google services and an 1800mAh battery to power everything.
Many tech experts are comparing the new Meizu MX2 handset to the likes of Android heavyweights including Samsung Galaxy S3 and iPhone 5. It can be logically assumed that, with Meizu?s plans to release the MX2 smartphones only in China, they are clearly producing first-rate hardware at this point, and if they find success in China, they may in the future be encouraged to release their handsets across the globe.
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Battling Prostate Cancer | KTXL FOX40
Wind Advisory for Northern San Joaquin Valley, CA
Wind Advisory In Effect From 4 PM Thursday To 1 PM Pst Friday Wind Advisory Is Cancelled
The National Weather Service In Sacramento Has Issued A Wind Advisory Which Is In Effect From 4 PM Thursday To 1 PM Pst Friday For The Southern Sacramento And Northern San Joaquin Valley Delta Area And The Motherlode. The Previous Wind Advisory Has Been Cancelled.
- Winds: Southeast 20 To 30 Mph With Gusts Up To 45 Mph.
- Timing: Winds Will Increase Across The Area Late Thursday Afternoon And Continue Through Friday Morning. - Locations Include: Stockton Modesto Grass Valley.
- Impacts: Broken Tree Branches And Limbs Are Likely. Local Power Outages Possible. Difficult Driving Conditions.
PRECAUTIONARY ACTIONS A Wind Advisory Means That Wind Gusts Of 40 Mph Or Higher Are Expected. Winds This Strong Can Make Driving Difficult Especially For Small Cars And High Profile Vehicles. Use Extra Caution.
Source: http://fox40.com/2012/11/28/battling-prostate-cancer/
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With An Improved Design, Navigation & Social Features, Wavii?s Rebuilt iPhone App Is Like A Facebook News Feed For Actual News
Seattle-based?Wavii, the news aggregation startup that finally launched into public beta this April?after years of stealth mode, is today unveiling an entirely new product with today's debut of Wavii 2.0 for iPhone. The app has been completely rebuilt from the ground-up, and now introduces a number of new and improved elements, including better news feeds, social interactions, an improved sign-up process, and more.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/xQTXQTqLOEg/
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NASA's Cassini sees abrupt turn in Titan's atmosphere
Thursday, November 29, 2012
Data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft tie a shift in seasonal sunlight to a wholesale reversal, at unexpected altitudes, in the circulation of the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan. At the south pole, the data show definitive evidence for sinking air where it was upwelling earlier in the mission. So the key to circulation in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan turned out to be a certain slant of light. The paper was published today in the journal Nature.
"Cassini's up-close observations are likely the only ones we'll have in our lifetime of a transition like this in action," said Nick Teanby, the study's lead author who is based at the University of Bristol, England, and is a Cassini team associate. "It's extremely exciting to see such rapid changes on a body that usually changes so slowly and has a 'year' that is the equivalent of nearly 30 Earth years."
In our solar system, only Earth, Venus, Mars and Titan have both a solid surface and a substantial atmosphere - providing natural laboratories for exploring climate processes. "Understanding Titan's atmosphere gives us clues for understanding our own complex atmosphere," said Scott Edgington, Cassini deputy project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "Some of the complexity in both places arises from the interplay of atmospheric circulation and chemistry."
The pole on Titan that is experiencing winter is typically pointed away from Earth due to orbital geometry. Because Cassini has been in orbit around Saturn since 2004, it has been able to study the moon from angles impossible from Earth and watch changes develop over time. Models have predicted circulation changes for nearly 20 years, but Cassini has finally directly observed them happening - marking a major milestone in the mission.
Other Cassini instruments recently obtained images of the formation of haze and a vortex over Titan's south pole, but the data from the composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) is sensitive to much higher altitudes, provides more quantitative information and more directly probes the circulation and chemistry. The CIRS data, which enable scientists to track changes in atmospheric temperature and the distribution of gases like benzene and hydrogen cyanide, also revealed changes in hard-to-detect vertical winds and global circulation.
Besides the evidence for sinking air, Cassini also detected complex chemical production in the atmosphere at up to 400 miles (600 kilometers) above the surface, revealing the atmospheric circulation extends about 60 miles (100 kilometers) higher than previously expected. Compression of this sinking air as it moved to lower altitudes produced a hot spot hovering high above the south pole, the first indication of big changes to come. The scientists were also able to see very rapid changes in the atmosphere and pinpoint the circulation reversal to about six months around the August 2009 equinox, when the sun shone directly over Titan's equator. The circulation change meant that within two years of equinox, some gases had increased in abundance 100-fold - much more extreme than anything seen so far on Titan.
The results also suggest that a detached layer of haze (first detected by NASA's Voyager spacecraft) may not be so detached after all, since complex chemistry and vertical atmospheric movement is occurring above this layer. This layer may instead be the region where small haze particles combine into larger, but more transparent, clumped aggregates that eventually descend deeper into the atmosphere and give Titan its characteristic orange appearance.
"Next, we would expect to see the vortex over the south pole build up," said Mike Flasar, the CIRS principal investigator at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "As that happens, one question is whether the south winter pole will be the identical twin of the north winter pole, or will it have a distinct personality? The most important thing is to be able to keep watching as these changes happen."
###
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center: http://www.nasa.gov/goddard
Thanks to NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for this article.
This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/125584/NASA_s_Cassini_sees_abrupt_turn_in_Titan_s_atmosphere
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Thursday, November 29, 2012
Scientists pair blood test and gene sequencing to detect cancer
Scientists at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have combined the ability to detect cancer DNA in the blood with genome sequencing technology in a test that could be used to screen for cancers, monitor cancer patients for recurrence and find residual cancer left after surgery.
"This approach uses the power of genome sequencing to detect circulating tumor DNA in the blood, providing a sensitive method that can be used to detect and monitor cancers," says Victor Velculescu, M.D., Ph.D., professor of oncology and co-director of the Cancer Biology Program at Johns Hopkins.
A report describing the new approach appears in the Nov. 28 issue of Science Translational Medicine. To develop the test, the scientists took blood samples from late-stage colorectal and breast cancer patients and healthy individuals and looked for DNA that had been shed into the blood.
The investigators applied whole-genome sequencing technology to DNA found in blood samples, allowing them to compare sequences from cancer patients with those from healthy people. The scientists then looked for telltale signs of cancer in the DNA: dramatic rearrangements of the chromosomes or changes in chromosome number that occur only in cancer cells.
No signs of cancer-specific chromosome changes were found in the blood of healthy individuals, but the investigators found various cancer-specific alterations in the blood of all seven patients with colon cancer and three patients with breast cancer. Using specialized bioinformatic approaches, they were able to detect these alterations in a small fraction of the millions of DNA sequences contained in the blood sample.
"This is proof of the principle that genome sequencing to identify chromosomal alterations may be a helpful tool in detecting cancer DNA directly in the blood and, potentially, other body fluids," says Rebecca Leary, a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins. "But larger clinical trials will be needed to determine the best applications of this approach."
The investigators note that there may be less circulating DNA in early stage cancers, and, thus, these would be more challenging to detect without more extensive sequencing. As sequencing costs decrease, the investigators expect that detecting earlier-stage cancers may become more feasible.
Velculescu says that additional research will focus on determining how the new test could help doctors make decisions on treating patients. For example, the blood test could identify certain chromosomal changes that guide physicians to prescribe certain anti-cancer drugs or decide patient enrollment in clinical trials for drugs that target specific gene defects. Currently, physicians use cellular material biopsied from the original tumor to make these decisions, but tumor material can often be inaccessible or unavailable.
The Johns Hopkins study builds on the team's earlier work using genomic sequencing of DNA in the blood to find rearrangements of chromosomes. The previous work required samples of the original tumor and knowledge of DNA changes in that tumor to find those same changes in the blood. This new test has no need for original tumor samples and includes an analysis of changes in the copy number of chromosomes.
"It's an evolution of technologies we're developing for cancer diagnosis, and, by combining our knowledge, we can build better ways to detect disease," says Luis Diaz, M.D., an oncologist and director of the Swim Across America laboratory at Johns Hopkins.
Journal reference: Science Translational Medicine
Provided by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Source: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-scientists-pair-blood-gene-sequencing.html
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Williamsburg, Classes, Activities, Recreational Sports, Art, Dance ...
Youth
REC Connect Winter Break Program(grades K-5)
Dec. 26, 27, 28 & 31; 7 a.m.-6 p.m.
Full-time (4 days) $90; $85 JC/W residents + field trip fees
Part-time (3 days or less) $70; $65 residents + field trip fees
Rawls Byrd Elementary School
Dependable and safe fun, games, fun fitness activities, creative crafts, interactive reading, team projects, music and daily field trips are just a few great program features!Info: jamescitycountyva.gov/Kid?s Holiday Dessert Camp (ages 7-12), New!
Thursday, Friday, & Saturday, Dec. 27-29 10 a.m.-noon
Thursday, Friday, & Saturday, Dec. 27-29 1:30-3:30 p.m.
$65/session; $60 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Teens
Reaching for Success (grades 9-12)
Saturday, Dec. 1, 10 a.m. - 2 p.m.
$25; $20 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Winter Break Happenings (grades 6-12)
Rollin? Down the Lane
Wednesday, Dec. 26, 7 a.m. - 6 p.m.
$35; $30 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Now Showing?
Thursday, Dec. 27, 7 a.m. - 6 p.m.
$35; $30 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Cold as Ice
Friday, Dec. 28, 7 a.m. - 6 p.m.
$35; $30 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Tag ? You?re Out!
Monday, Dec. 31, 7 a.m. - 6 p.m.
$35; $30 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Inclusion
Teensational Socials: Holiday Shopping (ages 13-21 with disabilities)
Saturday, Dec. 15, 1-3:30 p.m.
$20; $15 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Adults
Little Known Secrets of Paying for College (for parents)
Tuesday, Dec. 4, 6-8:30 p.m.
$30; $25 for JC/W residents (per set of parents)
James City County Recreation Center
Learn how to attend private schools for the same ?cost? as in-state schools, pay for college in the most efficient and effective manner, qualify for maximum financial aid package and gain an insider's view of the college admissions process. Register by Nov. 29. Info:jamescitycountyva.gov/Color Mixing for Artists (ages 16+), New
Thursdays, Dec. 6 & 13, 10 a.m.-noon
$50; $45 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Learn how to combine colors consistently and create a balanced palette. Learn about paint properties for all mediums and about choosing pigments. All materials provided. Info: jamescitycountyva.gov/Dance
Beginning Ballet
Thursdays, Dec. 6-Jan. 31, 2-3 p.m.
$25; 20 for JC/W residents
This class is intended for beginners, yet will be appropriate for anyone who wants to enjoy a relaxing exercise class. Ballet shoes are recommended, but not required. Info: jamescitycountyva.gov/Low Impact Tap
Mondays, Dec. 10-Jan. 28 (no class 12/24), 2-3 p.m.
$25; 20 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
We?ll combine both seated and standing tap dance exercises that allow anyone to enjoy dancing! Tap shoes are recommended, but not required. Info:jamescitycountyva.gov/Beginning Jazz
Wednesdays, Dec. 12-Jan.30, 7-8 p.m.
$25; 20 for JC/W residents
James City County Recreation Center
Jazz has its roots in African and Caribbean dance and lends itself to being great aerobic exercise as well as exercise for the mind. Jazz shoes are recommended, but not required. Info: jamescitycountyva.gov/Fitness
Evening Fitness Classes
Evening classes include Kickboxing, Zumba, Power Yoga, Cardio Tap dancing and Strength Training. Child care is available on Mondays and Wednesdays from 5-8 p.m. at the James City County Recreation Center. Call 757-259-4200 for details or visit us atjamescitycountyva.gov/Source: http://williamsburgfamiliessports.blogspot.com/2012/11/jcc-parks-and-recreation-in-december.html
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10 Things to Know for Today
Palestinian refugee women chant slogans and wave Palestinian flags during a rally supporting the Palestinian UN bid for observer state status, in front the United Nations headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon, Thursday Nov. 29, 2012. The Palestinians will request to upgrade their status on November 29. The status could add weight to Palestinian claims for a state in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and east Jerusalem, territories captured by Israel in the 1967 Mideast war from Jordan.. (AP Photo/Bilal Hussein)
Palestinian refugee women chant slogans and wave Palestinian flags during a rally supporting the Palestinian UN bid for observer state status, in front the United Nations headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon, Thursday Nov. 29, 2012. The Palestinians will request to upgrade their status on November 29. The status could add weight to Palestinian claims for a state in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and east Jerusalem, territories captured by Israel in the 1967 Mideast war from Jordan.. (AP Photo/Bilal Hussein)
Powerball numbers are chosen in the drawing at the Florida Lottery on Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012, in Tallahassee, Fla. The numbers drawn in the $579.9-million game were: 5, 16, 22, 23, 29 and Powerball of 6. (AP Photo/Phil Sears)
Angels decorations frame the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree after it was lit during the 80th annual tree lighting ceremony at Rockefeller Center in New York, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens)
Your daily look at late-breaking news, upcoming events and stories that will be talked about today:
1. WHAT PALESTINIANS ARE POISED TO GAIN FROM THE UN
Today's vote on recognizing a Palestinian state could give them leverage in future border talks with Israel.
2. RUSH TOWARD 'FISCAL CLIFF' SLOWS A BIT
The White House and a key Democrat hint at concessions on taxes and cuts, while more Republicans seem ready to give ground.
3. WHO ARE THE NEW MILLIONAIRES
Powerball officials say winning tickets were sold in Missouri and Arizona to split the $579.9 million jackpot.
4. RULING EXPECTED IN CONCORDE CRASH APPEAL
A French appeals court is set to decide today whether to uphold a manslaughter conviction against Continental Airlines for the fiery crash in which 113 were killed.
5. IN EGYPT, FEARS OF A 'SECOND REVOLUTION'
President Morsi faces an unprecedented strike by the courts and massive opposition protests after his decrees placing him above oversight of any kind.
6. OBAMA TO ROMNEY: LET'S DO LUNCH
The political rivals will break bread today at the White House. It'll be their first meeting since the election.
7. HOW A BILL COULD IMPACT POLICE SEARCHES OF EMAILS
The proposed law being considered by a Senate committee today requires authorities to get a warrant before accessing private information.
8. DOZENS OF MONKS HURT AT MYANMAR MINE PROTEST
Security forces used water cannons on the spiritual devotees just hours before opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was to visit the area.
9. WHY GOTHAM'S GLOWING A BIT BRIGHTER
Some 30,000 bulbs festooning the 80-foot Christmas tree in NYC's Rockefeller Center are now beaming forth.
10. LINDSAY LOHAN ARRESTED IN NYC
In her latest run-in with the law, police say the actress hit a woman during an argument at a nightclub.
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iSchool Campus Wants To Bring The Next-Gen Wired Classroom To K12 Education
Technology is increasingly becoming a part of the classroom experience, particularly thanks to smart devices. Tablets and iPads offer students a more portable, engaging and interactive experience than many of the tools of old, and schools are catching on. The San Diego School District's recent purchase of 26,000 iPads is just one of many recent examples of districts and states pushing to deploy tablets in their schools.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/NRdIB3CdBvo/
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Better Laundry Practices ? Just in Time for the Holidays! | Home ...
Save the Date!
Wednesday, December 5th at 11:00 am Eastern Standard Time
Caring for our clothes is a part of our weekly routine and will remain on our list during the busy holiday season. The cleaning product industry has practical and useful tips to help you do laundry safely, effectively and economically.
Join the American Cleaning Institute and consumer experts for a free webinar on December 5 at 11:00 am Eastern Standard Time.
What to expect? Practical information and tips that you can use in your own laundry room, Family & Consumer Sciences classroom, FCCLA chapter, local or state cooperative Extension program, and home equipment education and community outreach programs.
And, in the spirit of giving back, all webinar participants will have a chance to receive a laundry basket filled with products that they can keep for themselves, give to their favorite charity or a family affected by Hurricane Sandy. Five baskets will be delivered by December 25, 2012.
Please click to register and you are on your way to becoming better informed about laundry practice: https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/727256722/aci_webinar_better_laundry_practices
Please click to download ACI?s new laundry posters: http://www.cleaninginstitute.org/clean_living/laundry.aspx
?
Nancy Bock ? Senior Vice President, Education
American Cleaning Institute? (formerly The Soap and Detergent Association) ?
nbock@cleaninginstitute.org
1331 L Street, NW, Suite 650 ? Washington, DC 20005 ? O 202/662-2507 ? C 202/870-9537 ? http://www.cleaninginstitute.org
Source: http://www.homefamily.net/?p=812
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95% The Sessions
All Critics (146) | Top Critics (39) | Fresh (138) | Rotten (8)
Achieves its sunny disposition by pulling punches.
A funny, tender and mostly unsentimentalized movie about physical and emotional triumph.
Forced to do all his acting with his face, Hawkes displays the kind of camera-arresting capability that has earned others Oscar nominations.
This is a crowd-pleaser of the finest sort.
Using only his tilted head, his eyes, nose, and mouth and that quizzical voice, Hawkes brings O'Brien to life.
Deeply moving. The Oscar-worthy (John) Hawkes invests his character with a sense of grace and humor that nullifies any potential pity. This is a great movie for adults and even for older adolescents.
It is rare to watch a movie where sex is treated with maturity, religion is treated with respect and characters are so heart-warmingly written and portrayed.
Raw, unrestrained and sympathetic without giving in to melodrama, 'The Sessions' is about a man facing a physical challenge who decides he wants to become intimate with a woman.
An intelligent, funny, insightful film that offers a frank examination of sex. It's not prurient or titillating, just truthful.
A remarkable actor, John Hawkes, gives a remarkable performance as a remarkable character.
Surprisingly funny and touching.
Presents the sensitive O'Brien as a brave, funny, unselfish and unlikely romantic-fantasy dream hero for disappointed, weary or jaded older female moviegoers.
The uplifting struggle for living a life of dignity for paralyzed from the neck down polio victim Mark O'Brien.
The sex scenes are frank and explicit, but never cheap and exploitative. (Yes, they get naked. Grow up.) The nudity isn't airbrushed pin-up perfection, but raw and real - and all the more lovely and moving because of it.
Taking the good with the bad, this isn't a terrible movie, though it is being rather overhyped. I found myself laughing a lot and enjoying the transformations the actors go through, but an unengaging story only serves to drag it down.
A film, inspired by the life of the late poet-journalist Mark O'Brien, that celebrates the relationship between physical and emotional intimacy.
Not just another weepy drama of overcoming odds, a My Left Foot with a different appendage. The Sessions is often brazenly funny, not from shocking dialogue but characters reacting the way people do, especially with such a flustering subject as sex.
an unusually frank and frequently humorous meditation on the transformative power of connection
Take away the nudity and the frank sex talk and you'd pretty much be left with a high-minded TV movie -- with unusually good actors.
Hunt's tangible disregard for false modesty does justice to the misunderstood surrogacy profession, while Hawkes' committed yet matter-of-fact portrayal of O'Brien masterfully avoids theatricality or sappy heartstring tugging.
Lewin has never had talent like Hawkes, Hunt, and Macy as his instruments before, and he makes the best of them.
Popular sex therapist Dr. Ruth once said that sexual surrogates are "illegal." The Sessions makes them mainstream.
An adult film that approaches the serious subject of sex with refreshingly explicit honesty.
The honest performances and assured direction makes The Sessions an extremely accomplished film that celebrates sexuality.
Source: http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_sessions/
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Wednesday, November 28, 2012
Promoting Government Information: Marshall University Initiatives
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Soft drink raises men's risk of prostate cancer
London, Nov 27
Men who drink fizzy drinks are not just ruining their teeth but could also be at risk of aggressive prostate cancer, the Daily Mail reported Tuesday.
A Swedish study has found just one soft drink a day could increase the risk of developing more serious forms of the cancer by 40 percent.
Experts at Lund University also found those who ate a carbohydrate diet heavy in rice and pasta increased their risk of getting milder forms of prostate cancer, which often required no treatment, by 31 percent.
And eating lots of sugary breakfast cereals raised the incidence of milder forms of the cancer to 38 percent
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men after lung disease.
The study examined more than 8,000 men aged between 45 and73 for an average of 15 years.
Source: http://www.prokerala.com/news/articles/a343181.html
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Princeton research: Embracing data 'noise' brings Greenland's complex ice melt into focus
![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](http://www.eurekalert.org/images/back2e.gif){kind=small}
Public release date: 27-Nov-2012[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Morgan Kelly
mgnkelly@princeton.edu
609-258-5729
Princeton University
An enhanced approach to capturing changes on the Earth's surface via satellite could provide a more accurate account of how ice sheets, river basins and other geographic areas are changing as a result of natural and human factors. In a first application, the technique revealed sharper-than-ever details about Greenland's massive ice sheet, including that the rate at which it is melting might be accelerating more slowly than predicted.
Princeton University researchers developed a mathematical framework and a computer code to accurately capture ground-level conditions collected on particular geographic regions by the GRACE satellites (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment), according to a report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. A joint project of NASA and the German Aerospace Center, GRACE measures gravity to depict how mass such as ice or water is distributed over the Earth's surface. A change in GRACE data can signify a change in mass, such as a receding glacier.
Typically, GRACE data are recorded for the whole globe and processed to remove large regional differences, said lead author Christopher Harig, a postdoctoral research associate in Princeton's Department of Geosciences. The result is a coarse image that can provide a general sense of mass change, but not details such as various mass fluctuations within an area.
With their method, Harig and co-author Frederik Simons, an assistant professor of geosciences, can clean up data "noise" the signal variations and distortions that can obscure satellite readings and then recover the finer surface details hidden within. From this, they can configure regional information into a high-resolution map that depicts the specific areas where mass change is happening and to what degree.
"We try to do very little processing to the data and stay closer to the real signal," Simons said. "GRACE data contain a lot of signals and a lot of noise. Our technique learns enough about the noise to effectively recover the signal, and at much finer spatial scales than was possible before. We can 'see through' the noise and recover the 'true' geophysical information contained in these data. We can now revisit GRACE data related to areas such as river basins and irrigation and soil moisture, not just ice sheets."
The researchers tested their method on GRACE data for Greenland recorded from 2003 to 2010 and brought the complexities of the island's glaciers into clearer focus. While overall ice loss on Greenland consistently increased between 2003 and 2010, Harig and Simons found that it was in fact very patchy from region to region.
In addition, the enhanced detail of where and how much ice melted allowed the researchers to estimate that the annual acceleration in ice loss is much lower than previous research has suggested, roughly increasing by 8 billion tons every year. Previous estimates were as high as 30 billion tons more per year.
Douglas MacAyeal, a geophysical sciences professor at the University of Chicago, said that the research provides a standardized and accurate method for translating GRACE data, particularly for ice sheets. The sprawling, incomplete nature of the satellite's information has spawned a myriad of approaches to interpreting it, some unique to specific scientists, he said.
"GRACE data is notoriously noisy and spatially spread out, and this has resulted in 'ad hoc' methods for processing mass changes of Earth's ice sheets that have wildly different values," said MacAyeal, who is familiar with the Princeton work but had no role in it.
"In other words, each particular investigator ends up getting a different individual number for the net change in mass," he said. "What this research does is figure out a way to be more thoughtful and purposeful about exactly how to deal with GRACE's notorieties. This method would allow researchers to standardize a bit more and also to understand more precisely where they are, and where they are not, able to resolve ice changes."
Simons compared the noise that previously obscured a precise view of Greenland's glaciers to fog on a window. For a small area such as Greenland, the GRACE signal can be easily overwhelmed by noise, which has numerous causes such as the satellite's orbital position or even the type of mathematics researchers use to interpret data, Simons said.
"Other researchers used less than perfect tools to wipe off the window more or less indiscriminately and quite literally left streaks on the data. They were thus less able to put the continent into the proper focus," he said.
"We effectively modeled then removed noise to get the ice-loss signal out of the data," Simons said. "We then recovered relatively tiny variations in ice mass that to others might have looked like noise, but that to us were shown to be signal."
The Princeton researchers found that Greenland lost roughly 200 billion tons of ice each year during the seven-year period studied, which falls within the range reported by other studies. The amount of ice lost annually could stack up on all of Manhattan to nearly 12,000 feet, or more than eight times taller than the Empire State Building, Harig said.
As expected, ice loss occurred in the lower, warmer coastal areas as opposed to the higher and colder interior, which gained ice mass but the melt was concentrated on the southeast and northwest coasts for most of the period studied. Indeed, many coastal areas showed no ice-mass loss, while the ice sheet on the southwest coast actually thickened slightly from 2003 to 2006.
But these trends were more complex when Harig and Simons got into the details. Surprisingly, the location of the greatest melt activity migrated around the island, shifting from the southeast to the northwest coast in just a few years. Ice loss on the southeast coast built up starting in 2003 and hit a highpoint in 2007. In 2008, loss on this coast began to recede and shift toward the northwest coast; by 2010, the southeast coast displayed only minor ice loss, while nearly the entire western coast exhibited the most severe melt. During this transition, melt also receded then picked up again on the northeastern coast with seemingly little overlap with activity elsewhere.
Details such as these can help scientists better understand the interplay between Greenland's glaciers and factors that influence melt such as ocean temperature, daily sunshine and cloud coverage, Harig said. That understanding can in turn help researchers determine how the Greenland ice sheet responds to climate change and how much more ice loss to expect. At current melt rates, the Greenland ice sheet would take about 13,000 years to melt completely, which would result in a global sea-level rise of more than 21 feet (6.5 meters), Harig said.
"Scientists are not totally sure what the driving force of the melt on Greenland is on short, yearly timescales," Harig said. "There is no certainty about which outside factor is the most important or if all of them contribute. Being able to compare what is happening regionally to field observations from other researchers of what a glacier is doing helps us figure out what is causing all this melt."
Michael Oppenheimer, Princeton's Albert G. Milbank Professor of Geosciences and International Affairs, said that the new level of detail Harig and Simons provide on Greenland's glaciers not only gives insight into what is causing the glaciers to melt, but what could possibly happen if they do.
Unlike water in a bathtub, sea-level rise is not uniform, said Oppenheimer, who is familiar with the research but had no role in it. Higher waters in certain locations may depend on which part of an ice sheet melts, he said. And determining which part of an ice sheet is melting the most requires precise details of ice loss and gain for specific glaciers details that have largely been unavailable, Oppenheimer said.
"Nobody has really been able to take a look at an individual ice sheet and determine the influence that ice loss from different parts of that ice sheet could have on sea levels," Oppenheimer said.
"The details matter. Being able to pinpoint where and how much ice gain and loss there is tells you something about the driving forces behind it, and therefore how much we can expect in the future," he said. "A synoptic view at a high resolution is what GRACE always promised, and now this research has helped realize that potential. It's time to finally milk the data for as much detail as possible."
Harig is adapting the computer code which is available online to study GRACE data on ice loss in Antarctica and water accumulation in the Amazon River basin.
The paper, "Mapping Greenland's mass loss in space and time," was published online Nov. 19 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
###
[Video and images can be seen at http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S35/40/38C46. To obtain high-res images, contact Princeton science writer Morgan Kelly, (609) 258-5729, mgnkelly@princeton.edu]
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Public release date: 27-Nov-2012[ | E-mail |
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Princeton University
An enhanced approach to capturing changes on the Earth's surface via satellite could provide a more accurate account of how ice sheets, river basins and other geographic areas are changing as a result of natural and human factors. In a first application, the technique revealed sharper-than-ever details about Greenland's massive ice sheet, including that the rate at which it is melting might be accelerating more slowly than predicted.
Princeton University researchers developed a mathematical framework and a computer code to accurately capture ground-level conditions collected on particular geographic regions by the GRACE satellites (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment), according to a report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. A joint project of NASA and the German Aerospace Center, GRACE measures gravity to depict how mass such as ice or water is distributed over the Earth's surface. A change in GRACE data can signify a change in mass, such as a receding glacier.
Typically, GRACE data are recorded for the whole globe and processed to remove large regional differences, said lead author Christopher Harig, a postdoctoral research associate in Princeton's Department of Geosciences. The result is a coarse image that can provide a general sense of mass change, but not details such as various mass fluctuations within an area.
With their method, Harig and co-author Frederik Simons, an assistant professor of geosciences, can clean up data "noise" the signal variations and distortions that can obscure satellite readings and then recover the finer surface details hidden within. From this, they can configure regional information into a high-resolution map that depicts the specific areas where mass change is happening and to what degree.
"We try to do very little processing to the data and stay closer to the real signal," Simons said. "GRACE data contain a lot of signals and a lot of noise. Our technique learns enough about the noise to effectively recover the signal, and at much finer spatial scales than was possible before. We can 'see through' the noise and recover the 'true' geophysical information contained in these data. We can now revisit GRACE data related to areas such as river basins and irrigation and soil moisture, not just ice sheets."
The researchers tested their method on GRACE data for Greenland recorded from 2003 to 2010 and brought the complexities of the island's glaciers into clearer focus. While overall ice loss on Greenland consistently increased between 2003 and 2010, Harig and Simons found that it was in fact very patchy from region to region.
In addition, the enhanced detail of where and how much ice melted allowed the researchers to estimate that the annual acceleration in ice loss is much lower than previous research has suggested, roughly increasing by 8 billion tons every year. Previous estimates were as high as 30 billion tons more per year.
Douglas MacAyeal, a geophysical sciences professor at the University of Chicago, said that the research provides a standardized and accurate method for translating GRACE data, particularly for ice sheets. The sprawling, incomplete nature of the satellite's information has spawned a myriad of approaches to interpreting it, some unique to specific scientists, he said.
"GRACE data is notoriously noisy and spatially spread out, and this has resulted in 'ad hoc' methods for processing mass changes of Earth's ice sheets that have wildly different values," said MacAyeal, who is familiar with the Princeton work but had no role in it.
"In other words, each particular investigator ends up getting a different individual number for the net change in mass," he said. "What this research does is figure out a way to be more thoughtful and purposeful about exactly how to deal with GRACE's notorieties. This method would allow researchers to standardize a bit more and also to understand more precisely where they are, and where they are not, able to resolve ice changes."
Simons compared the noise that previously obscured a precise view of Greenland's glaciers to fog on a window. For a small area such as Greenland, the GRACE signal can be easily overwhelmed by noise, which has numerous causes such as the satellite's orbital position or even the type of mathematics researchers use to interpret data, Simons said.
"Other researchers used less than perfect tools to wipe off the window more or less indiscriminately and quite literally left streaks on the data. They were thus less able to put the continent into the proper focus," he said.
"We effectively modeled then removed noise to get the ice-loss signal out of the data," Simons said. "We then recovered relatively tiny variations in ice mass that to others might have looked like noise, but that to us were shown to be signal."
The Princeton researchers found that Greenland lost roughly 200 billion tons of ice each year during the seven-year period studied, which falls within the range reported by other studies. The amount of ice lost annually could stack up on all of Manhattan to nearly 12,000 feet, or more than eight times taller than the Empire State Building, Harig said.
As expected, ice loss occurred in the lower, warmer coastal areas as opposed to the higher and colder interior, which gained ice mass but the melt was concentrated on the southeast and northwest coasts for most of the period studied. Indeed, many coastal areas showed no ice-mass loss, while the ice sheet on the southwest coast actually thickened slightly from 2003 to 2006.
But these trends were more complex when Harig and Simons got into the details. Surprisingly, the location of the greatest melt activity migrated around the island, shifting from the southeast to the northwest coast in just a few years. Ice loss on the southeast coast built up starting in 2003 and hit a highpoint in 2007. In 2008, loss on this coast began to recede and shift toward the northwest coast; by 2010, the southeast coast displayed only minor ice loss, while nearly the entire western coast exhibited the most severe melt. During this transition, melt also receded then picked up again on the northeastern coast with seemingly little overlap with activity elsewhere.
Details such as these can help scientists better understand the interplay between Greenland's glaciers and factors that influence melt such as ocean temperature, daily sunshine and cloud coverage, Harig said. That understanding can in turn help researchers determine how the Greenland ice sheet responds to climate change and how much more ice loss to expect. At current melt rates, the Greenland ice sheet would take about 13,000 years to melt completely, which would result in a global sea-level rise of more than 21 feet (6.5 meters), Harig said.
"Scientists are not totally sure what the driving force of the melt on Greenland is on short, yearly timescales," Harig said. "There is no certainty about which outside factor is the most important or if all of them contribute. Being able to compare what is happening regionally to field observations from other researchers of what a glacier is doing helps us figure out what is causing all this melt."
Michael Oppenheimer, Princeton's Albert G. Milbank Professor of Geosciences and International Affairs, said that the new level of detail Harig and Simons provide on Greenland's glaciers not only gives insight into what is causing the glaciers to melt, but what could possibly happen if they do.
Unlike water in a bathtub, sea-level rise is not uniform, said Oppenheimer, who is familiar with the research but had no role in it. Higher waters in certain locations may depend on which part of an ice sheet melts, he said. And determining which part of an ice sheet is melting the most requires precise details of ice loss and gain for specific glaciers details that have largely been unavailable, Oppenheimer said.
"Nobody has really been able to take a look at an individual ice sheet and determine the influence that ice loss from different parts of that ice sheet could have on sea levels," Oppenheimer said.
"The details matter. Being able to pinpoint where and how much ice gain and loss there is tells you something about the driving forces behind it, and therefore how much we can expect in the future," he said. "A synoptic view at a high resolution is what GRACE always promised, and now this research has helped realize that potential. It's time to finally milk the data for as much detail as possible."
Harig is adapting the computer code which is available online to study GRACE data on ice loss in Antarctica and water accumulation in the Amazon River basin.
The paper, "Mapping Greenland's mass loss in space and time," was published online Nov. 19 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
###
[Video and images can be seen at http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S35/40/38C46. To obtain high-res images, contact Princeton science writer Morgan Kelly, (609) 258-5729, mgnkelly@princeton.edu]
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-11/pu-pre112712.php
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Islamists push secular Tuaregs into Mali desert
BAMAKO, Mali (AP) ? Islamists in northern Mali said Wednesday they pushed the secular Tuareg rebels out of the northwest town of Lere, and now have control of the main towns bordering Mauritania and Niger.
Mohamed Ag Attaye, the spokesman for the Tuareg group, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, said that his group, also known as the NMLA, retreated to a base north of Lere, which is 60 kilometers (37 miles) from the border with Mauritania.
"For five days MUJAO and Ansar Dine have encircled the town of Lere," he said, adding that they bribed some Tuaregs to join their group.
More than a week ago the Islamists seized Menaka, which was the Tuareg's last bastion in north Mali since June when they were driven out of the main northern cities by the Islamists.
Mali was plunged into turmoil in March after a coup in the capital of Bamako created a security vacuum. That allowed the secular NMLA to sweep across the north, taking half the territory and declaring it a new nation called "Azawad," which was supposed to create a homeland for the Tuareg people, who have long felt marginalized by Mali's government. The Tuaregs are the traditional inhabitants of northern Mali, but the country's administrative heart has always been in Bamako, hundreds of kilometers (miles) away, an area dominated by darker-skinned ethnic groups that are culturally distinct from the Tuaregs. Only months later, the rebels were kicked out by Islamist groups allied with al-Qaida, which have now imposed strict Shariah law in the north.
The spokesman of the extremist group Ansar Dine, Sanda Abou Mohamed, confirmed that they have taken Lere.
"Some have joined us, others have left the city," he said.
In the areas under their control, which now includes a territory almost as large as France, the Islamists have imposed a harsh form of Islamic law. Northern Mali's independent and outspoken women have been forced to wear head-to-toe veils, and accused thieves have had their hands hacked off in gruesome public spectacles that recall the worst days of Afghanistan under Taliban rule. On Wednesday, a resident in a small village nearly 160 kilometers (100 miles) south of Timbuktu says the Islamists seized and burned 200 cartons of cigarettes worth 20 million CFA (about $40,000) in the latest application of Shariah.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/islamists-push-secular-tuaregs-mali-desert-164457646.html
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Tuesday, November 27, 2012
Law, Economics, and Superstition: Human Sacrifice
The most recent paper in my continuing project on the law
and economics of superstition: ?Human Sacrifice.?
Abstract:
This paper develops a theory of rational human sacrifice:
the purchase and ritual slaughter of innocent persons to appease divinities. I
argue that human sacrifice is a technology for protecting property rights. It
improves property protection by destroying part of sacrificing communities'
wealth, which depresses the expected payoff of plundering them. Human sacrifice
is a highly effective vehicle for destroying wealth to protect property rights
because it's an excellent public meter of wealth destruction. Human sacrifice
is spectacular, publicly communicating a sacrificer's destruction far and wide.
And immolating a live person is nearly impossible to fake, verifying the amount
of wealth a sacrificer has destroyed. To incentivize community members to contribute
wealth for destruction, human sacrifice is presented as a religious obligation.
To test my theory I investigate human sacrifice as practiced by the most
significant and well-known society of ritual immolators in the modern era: the
Konds of Orissa, India. Evidence from the Konds supports my theory's
predictions.
Enjoy.
?
Source: http://www.bullfax.com/?q=node-law-economics-and-superstition-human-sacrifice
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The Pros and Cons of Social Media! | Miracle Studios "Blog"
Social Media
In this day and age, managing business without internet is next to impossible.? Every business entity is required to have an online presence.? Mere having a website is not enough. One has to be active in the world of internet. For this consistent and regular updates related to your business is must.
This can be done via social media networking sites. These sites have emerged as the great marketing tools.? Calling them a blessing won?t be an exaggeration.? Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn etc are the most popular social media websites.
These sites act like an intermediary between you and your prospective clients. Also, it enhances your business networks. Did I forget to mention the marketing aspect of these websites? Well, there is no denying the fact that social media sites helps in popularizing products and services.
Being active on these sites and regularly posting the updates related to your business is the key to stay in the limelight in the online world. Though it is a time-consuming process and needs consistent efforts for the same, yet it is worth doing.
Social media is an effective medium for advertisement. This platform never disappoints you. You can advertise on Facebook by creating a huge pool of fans and potential clients. This is how your product or service will gain much-required publicity.
Moreover, this is the sure-shot way of increasing your traffic and enhancing your visibility in the online world.? It also helps in brand creation of an enterprise.? Customer engagement is another great benefit which is an inherent feature of any social media site.
One can interact with customers and engage them in various activities and updates of the company. It could be anything like a product launch, a new service or expansion or diversification of the company, vertical or horizontal collaboration or any other major news worth mentioning.
Last but certainly not the least, having social media presence also helps you to get the genuine feedback from the clients and fans on social media sites. They give valuable insights about the product or service extended by the company. One can inculcate the feedback to further improve the quality of one?s product or service. This also saves lot of time and effort on conducting research surveys.
On the flip side, social media has some flaws which can?t be ignored but can be worked upon. The biggest issue that arises is of security. We often share more than required information on these sites which leads to leakage of crucial business plans to other parties.? They may misuse the readily available information for their own benefit.
Other issue which gives you sleepless nights is of privacy intrusion. Some destructive minds intrude your privacy with their malicious intentions.? For e.g. hackers do everything to get the confidential information out by resorting to devious means.
Also, calculating the contribution of social media in your overall revenue is a difficult task. There is no clear-cut evidence of the benefits extended by social media in the success of a venture.? Sometimes, a company has to face the brunt of negative publicity or bad reviews on social media websites.
An unsatisfied customer or a rival party may take help of this platform to derogate or defame a particular enterprise out of their own mean concerns. The reasons to belittle someone could be jealousy or dissatisfaction and a bad thing spreads faster than a good one.
Moreover, being active on social media demands a lot of time. One has to update the content on regular basis and engage with customers without fail. All this requires great effort and time.? But if one overcomes these challenges, nothing could beat this medium for promotion.
So, buckle up to beat the competition by implementing a well-planned social media strategy and reap the rewards!
?
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Preparation for the Great Critical Incident: First Aid Emergency
By J.W. Caesar
Hosea 4: 6 (KJV) My people perish from a lack of knowledge.
Knowledge is power for survival when it comes to overcoming disasters. It is vital to get educated on how to survive in the event of a myriad disaster scenerios. Many people die or get injured because they did not adequately plan, prepare or mitigate for unseen emergencies. In order to win the war on disasters; American citizens must take disaster preparation seriously and strengthen themselves mentally, spiritually, and physically to overcome the challenges in the future.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency states on their website that there are actions that should be taken before, during, and after an event that are unique to each hazard. Each person or group should identify the hazards that have happened or could happen in their area and plan for the unique actions for each hazard. They further note that mitigation can be defined as actions to reduce loss of life and property by decreasing the impact of disasters.? What this means is??taking action now??before the next disaster?to reduce human and financial consequences later (analyzing risk, reducing risk, insuring against risk).? Effective mitigation requires that we all understand local risks, address the hard choices, and invest in long-term community well-being. Without these actions, people jeopardize their safety, financial security, and self-reliance and quality of life.
Building an emergency kit with first aid equipment and taking medical classes are best practices in mitigation that can assist in reducing risk and loss to families and the community.? It is important to analyze what type of hazards would affect the community during a disaster, as well the decision to shelter in place or evacuate to a safe location.? By following this risk analysis process, it would help clarify what type and size of container or bag to place first aid items inside, the quantity, what too and what not to pack, where to pack it, the environment, hazard scenario and number of people it can provide care too. Your first aid kit or emergency supplies should be designed around an all hazards approach that insures against the risk of not being able to treat or prevent hazards from overtaking you and your group. These hazards can cause temporary or permanent damage to the critical infrastructure of this nation. Therefore everyone should be a stakeholder in public safety and security of this nation. As a result, many are designing their first aid kits around temporary disaster events where there is a short recovery period, while others are preparing their kits for a total collapse of the system where medical resources will be hard to find.
Caution: for medical legal and health safety reasons-Disaster Preparers should think about:
- Preparing physically, mentally, and spiritually now to adapt to changes caused by impact of disasters and?continuity of civil and infastructure recovery.
- Familiarizing with their local, state and federal laws on the boundaries of giving care to humans, pets and livestock.
- Getting prior training on how to use the items in the first aid kit.
- Working as a trained and covenant group, not loner.
- Trying to get written certification or medical authority to perform certain procedures.
- Not going beyond their scope of practice or their medical certifications.
- Abiding by the local laws of what is allowed in your first aid or medical kit.
- (Personal, Force, Asset?Protection)Avoiding making themselves a target for thieves, murderers, drug addicts that use false emergency scenes or requests for help.
A first aid kit can be purchased at many stores, disaster preparedness organizations and online merchants. Medical supplies can also be purchased individually to build your own kit.? Some have also combined the two as one mitigation measure. Others have crafted their own replacement first aid products by improvising. They use tampons for bleeding, card board for splints, and other homemade items, or pet supplies for their kit?s inventory. The real issue is finding the right items and kit skin for your needs. There are many questionable claims to first kits such as the number of people that it can actually treat in an emergency, the quality, sterility and durability of items, the protective covering of the container or bag and excessive prices for minimal supplies. This is why it is vital to do a risk analysis and make appropriate mitigation decisions for your own needs from an all hazards approach.
?Non exhaustive Example of items for Emergency First aid Survival Kit:
Airway Control Kit
_____ Pocket Mask kit
_____ Breathing Barrier with gloves kit
Diagnostic Instruments/Tools
_____ First aid booklet _____Trauma/Bandage scissors _____Protective Face masks
_____12 hour Cyalume Lightsticks _____Candles_____Straws
_____ Scissors, fine point_____ Splinter Forceps _____Nail clippers ____Tweezers
_____ Disposable Penlight or flashlight _____Head Lamp _____ Flashlight
_____Permanent Markers_____Pen _____Pencil_____Writing Paper Tablet _____
_____ Disposable Gloves_____ Splints_____Trash bags ______Ziploc bags
_____Duct Tape_____Clear tape____Painter?s tape____Scotch tape
_____Lockman tool_____Knife_____Razor_____ Box Cutter
_____Cable ties______Rope______String_____Plastic Wrap______Foil
______Belts______Straps____Batteries____Heavy protective gloves
Circulation/Bleeding Control Shock Kit
_____ Triangular Bandages(Cravats)______Rubber Latex gloves_______ Eye protection
______Military Field Dressing bandages______Abdominal bandages___Burn Kit
______ Large Absorbent pad dressings _____ Elastic Bandages
______Gauze Roll Bandages______ Adhesive Bandages
______ Tourniquets______ Gauze Pads, 4?x4?______ Gauze Pads, 2?x2?
______ Bandage tape_____ Disposable Rescue Blanket for shock
Sickcall /First Aid items
____Band Aids____Salt____Pepper____Sugar____Ammonia Inhalents
____Tongue depressors____Tempa-dots Thermometers____Eyewash kit____Eye drops
_____Eye pads_____KY-Jelly ____ Aspirin____Tylenol____Cough drops
_____Cold Med.Tablets_____Nasal spray_____Immodium Tablets ____Anaphalaxis kit
____Anti-biotic Ointment______Antifungal cream______Iodine wipes._____Betadine wipes.
_____Alcohol wipes._____Cleaning wipes. ______Anti-bacterial Soap solution
Alcohol Bottle. ____Hydrogen Peroxide Bottle. _____Hand cleaning solution Bottle.
_____Ice Pack______Heat Packs____Moleskin cover bandage
Medical Supplies and their Skins
Medical supplies for a first aid kit can be put inside of a various items that are all weather resistant, waterproof, durable, floatable, not previously had any toxic or corrosive materials stored inside of it, and clearly marked as a first aid or medical kit. Ziploc bags and plastic trash bags can give extra all weather protection and longetivity of items. The kit should also be easy to carry with straps or handles, have reasonable space or compartments for medical items, and easy to open or secure during an emergency. The size and type of first aid emergency kit may be based on varied factors such as the personal needs of the individual, group, or community, different hazards, ?medical training, number of sick and injured, terrain, response time, life cycle of disaster, use with vehicles, walking distance, evacuation, and weather.
Examples:
- Military Unfolding zippered Aid Bag M-3 & M-17
- Military Chest with handles
- Military Aid Station chest containers
- Military hard plastic or metal containers
- Nylon, Leather or Canvas Back Packs
- Luggage with wheels and handle
- Purse or designer bag
- Lunch box
- Square or rectangle storage containers
- Tupperware containers
- Plastic Ice Cream or used Food Containers
- Hunting vests
- Belt Pouches
A well-stocked and well maintained list of items in the first aid kit should be kept up to date at all times by rotating and replacing items.? A best practice for maintaining the mitigation investment of life saving equipment is doing inventory and preventative maintenance checks before and after using the kit. It can take place on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly cycle. ?The outside and inside of the emergency kit should be inspected for damage such as cracks, tears or holes. Mitigations measures such as health safety inspections for spoilage and expiration dates of items are important also.? However, some questions have been raised about keeping items regardless of expiration dates because of future scarcity of items during extreme disaster periods. These questions should be addressed by medical authorities who are expert in disasters and laws of the land. ?In any case, some items can lose their shelf life, sterility, durability, and may become toxic because of the hot storage temperatures. Another temperature issue is freezing. ?Solutions can freeze causing the containers to crack and break causing contamination of other items or damaging the first aid container.
The kit should work as expected: treat injuries and save life when you need it and cause no harm when it is not needed. It is vital to verify that the items consisting within the kit still function as expected, including the batteries in the medical equipment. The first aid kit should be stored in a place that is of the right temperature for medical supplies, in a safe location, away from pests, where no damage can occur, can be accessible to adults, but not to children or pets that can be poisoned and injured.
In summary, disasters can happen at anytime and anyplace. The consequences of not preparing for them may be immeasurable. To minimize this risk, it is vital to mitigate these impacts by building an emergency first aid kit based on analyzing, reducing, and insuring against future risks. It would be wise to assemble an emergency first aid kit that is adaptable and maintainable for your needs, take first aid classes, get familiarized with medical ? legal laws, learn how to take protective measures in emergency situations, and establish mutual-aid and covenant partnerships well in advance of an emergency situation. All of these steps help reduce the impact of hazards associated with future events and improve the chances of winning the war over disasters.? Americans, must remember that everyone is a stakeholder in public safety, God given freedoms, continuity of civil government,?and protecting the critical infastructure and key resources of this nation.
References:
- KJV
- ?http://www.fema.gov/what-mitigation
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Source: http://ctable.wordpress.com/2012/11/22/preparation-for-the-great-critical-incident-first-aid-emergency-survival-kit-part-9/
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